Hiperco 50 (1J22) High-Saturation Soft Magnetic Alloy
Product Overview
Hiperco 50 is a high-saturation soft magnetic alloy based on iron and cobalt with about 2% vanadium added; its Chinese designation is 1J22, and its nominal composition can be written as Co49V2Fe49. After a proper final anneal, its saturation magnetic induction Bs typically reaches 2.35–2.45 T, with a typical value of about 2.4 T, the highest level among available soft magnetic materials. It is suited to engineering problems in which the cross-section is limited but a higher magnetic flux or electromagnetic force must still be delivered.
The advantage of this material is not high permeability or low high-frequency loss but high saturation, a high Curie temperature and large magnetostriction. Because the electrical resistivity is only about 0.27–0.40 µΩ·m, eddy-current losses are significant at high frequency; because ordering below 730 °C causes embrittlement, the hot-working window must also be strictly controlled. When selecting the material, the working field, frequency, strip thickness, final heat treatment and stress state of the part should be confirmed together.
Hiperco 50 belongs to the Fe-Co-V family of precision soft magnetic alloys. The near-equiatomic iron-cobalt matrix provides very high saturation magnetization, while a moderate vanadium addition improves resistivity, workability and structural stability, so the material can be produced as thin strip, bar, wire, plate and forgings. Chinese engineering projects normally use the name 1J22, whereas international purchasing commonly encounters trade or historical names such as Hiperco 50, Hiperco 50A, Permendur, Supermendur and Vacoflux 50. Different standards and manufacturers may not specify identical cobalt and vanadium ranges or magnetic property guarantees, so a part should not be substituted on the basis of a similar name alone.
Overview at a Glance
Item | Details |
Material category | Fe-Co-V high-saturation soft magnetic alloy · Co49V2Fe49 |
Key properties | Typical Bs 2.4 T · high Curie temperature · high magnetostriction · strong field output capability |
Available forms | Cold-rolled strip · wire · bar · plate · forgings · semi-finished parts |
Typical industries | Aerospace · high-speed motors · electromagnetic actuation · magnetostrictive transduction · precision instruments |
Applicable standards | GB/T 15002, GB/T 15018, ASTM A801, or by technical agreement |
2. Chemical Composition
Reference chemical composition of Hiperco 50 / 1J22 (wt%)
Element | Reference range or max. | Function and control notes |
Co | 49.0–51.0; 47.5–49.5 in some systems | Determines the high saturation magnetization; also the main cost driver |
V | 0.80–1.80; typically 0.80–1.20 | Improves workability, resistivity and structure control |
Fe | Balance | Matrix element; together with Co it forms the high-saturation alloy system |
C | ≤0.04 | Excess levels affect structure, brittleness and magnetic properties |
Si | ≤0.30 | Residual element, controlled per standard and agreement |
Mn | ≤0.30–0.40 | Limits may differ between standards |
P | ≤0.020 | Harmful impurity requiring strict control |
S | ≤0.020 | Harmful impurity affecting hot working and magnetic properties |
Ni | ≤0.25 | Residual element |
Cr | ≤0.15 | Residual element |
3. Designations, Standards and Equivalents
Common designations and standards for Hiperco 50 (1J22)
Country or system | Common designation / name | Related standards | Purchasing notes |
China | 1J22 | GB/T 15002, GB/T 15018 | Form, condition and magnetic properties agreed per the precision alloy system |
United States | Hiperco 50, Hiperco 50A, Permendur, Supermendur | ASTM A801 | Many trade and historical names; verify against the manufacturer's data sheet |
Germany | Vacoflux 50, Vacoflux 48 | Manufacturer specification or technical agreement | Specific Co and V contents and property grades may differ |
Russia | 50КФ | GOST system | Can be customized as required with agreed inspection methods |
Composition formula | Co49V2Fe49 | Nominal composition expression | Used to identify the material system; not a substitute for acceptance standards |
4. Key Performance Parameters
(1) Magnetic properties
Typical magnetic properties of Hiperco 50 (1J22) after heat treatment
Property | Symbol | Typical or reference range | Engineering notes |
Saturation magnetic induction | Bs | 2.35–2.45 T, typically about 2.4 T | The highest level among available soft magnetic materials; the core index of this grade |
Residual magnetic induction | Br | 1.40–1.60 T | Affected by specimen shape, magnetization history and heat treatment |
Coercivity | Hc | 120–200 A/m | Strip can be specified at ≤128 A/m; forgings and wire at ≤144 A/m |
Initial permeability | μi | 800–1200 | Typical range of relative permeability; not noted for high sensitivity in weak fields |
Maximum permeability | μm | 4000–6000 | Varies markedly with annealing, stress and test conditions |
Curie temperature | Tc | 940–980 °C | Reflects the ability to retain ferromagnetism at high temperature |
Saturation magnetostriction | λs | 60–100×10⁻⁶ | Suited to magnetostrictive transduction; also note vibration noise |
Hiperco 50 (1J22): Lower limits of magnetic induction for strip at different magnetic field strengths
Test item | Magnetic field strength | Minimum magnetic induction | Design interpretation |
B800 | 800 A/m | ≥1.8 T | Reaches a fairly high induction zone at moderate excitation |
B1600 | 1600 A/m | ≥2.0 T | Suited to compact magnetic circuits targeting about 2.0 T |
B2400 | 2400 A/m | ≥2.1 T | Further increases in excitation still yield a useful flux increment |
B4000 | 4000 A/m | ≥2.15 T | In the high-excitation region, coil copper loss and local temperature rise must be considered |
B8000 | 8000 A/m | ≥2.2 T | Approaching the high-flux working region, but not equivalent to full saturation |
(2) Physical and mechanical properties
Typical physical properties of Hiperco 50 (1J22)
Property | Typical value | Property | Typical value |
Density | 8.2 g/cm³ | Melting point | ≈1480 °C |
Electrical resistivity | 0.27–0.40 µΩ·m | Thermal conductivity | ≈30 W/(m·K) |
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion | ≈11.5×10⁻⁶/°C (20–100 °C) | Elastic modulus | 210–216 GPa |
Curie temperature | 940–980 °C | Alloy system | Fe-Co-V |
Typical room-temperature mechanical properties of Hiperco 50 (1J22)
Condition | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Elongation | Hardness |
Soft / reference annealed condition | 500–700 MPa | 350–500 MPa | 3%–8% | About HRB 90 / HV 200–250 |
Cold-hardened | Increases with the degree of cold work | Increases with the degree of cold work | Decreases markedly | Up to about HRC 35 |
The room-temperature ductility of 1J22 is clearly lower than that of high-nickel Permalloy, and the risk of cracking deserves even more attention in the cold-worked and ordered conditions. Part design should avoid very small bend radii, sharp notches and force fitting after annealing. Mechanical data serve mainly for manufacturability and structural checks; the final magnetic properties still determine the functional performance.
5. Available Forms and Size Ranges
Common supply forms and sizes of Hiperco 50 (1J22)
Supply form | Common size range | Typical condition | Main applications |
Cold-rolled strip | Thickness 0.05–2.0 mm, width ≤300 mm | Cold-rolled or as agreed | Laminated cores, rotors, pole pieces, magnetic circuit parts |
Wire | Φ0.10–5.0 mm | Drawn, soft or semi-finished | Magnetostrictive elements, precision parts |
Bar | Φ5–100 mm | Hot-rolled, forged, machined blanks | Pole tips, actuator parts, axisymmetric magnetic circuits |
Plate | Supplied by agreement | Hot-rolled or cold-rolled | Large planar magnetic circuits and machining stock |
Forgings | Customized to drawing with machining allowance | As-forged or pre-machined | High-load poles, complex load-bearing magnetic parts |
Semi-finished parts | Laminations, rings, stamped sheets or near-net-shape parts | Delivered by process step | Shortens the customer's process chain and facilitates final annealing |
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